15^th Global Summit and Expo on Orthopedics and Rheumatology November 09-10, 2020 Amsterdam, Netherlands

Rheumatology is a branch of medicine, which is dedicated to adequate diagnosis and therapy of rheumatic diseases. Branches of rheumatology involves basic research and clinical research, as well as clinical diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of patients with these illnesses. Physicians who have undergone training in rheumatology are called rheumatologists. Rheumatologist is a expert in the field of   nonsurgical treatment of rheumatic illnesses, including autoimmune diseases and especially the many forms of arthritis and joint disease. Rheumatology field is multidisciplinary in nature, which means it relies on close relationships with other medical specialties. Rheumatologists deal mainly with immune-mediated disorders of the musculoskeletal system, soft tissues, autoimmune diseases and heritable connective tissue disorders.

The department of rheumatology has undergone a numerous of striking advances in recent years, especially if we consider the development of biological drugs with novel targets, made possible by rapid improvements in the basic science of musculoskeletal diseases.

Arthritis is inflammation of one or more joints. The most common symptoms of arthritis are joint pain and stiffness, which typically worsen with age. The common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The highly common form of arthritis is osteoarthritis. Other common rheumatic conditions related to arthritis comprises gout, fibromyalgia, and Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 54.4 million adults in the United States have received a diagnosis of some form of arthritis. Of these, 23.7 million people have their activity reduced in some way by their condition. Arthritis is more common among adults aged 65 years or older, but it can affect people of all ages, including children.

Athletic injuries, arthritis and accidents are common causes of damage to the bones, tendons and ligaments of the knee and hip. Injuries to these joints can have a huge impact on mobility and independence. Many chronic hip and knee problems do not require joint replacement but are painful enough to curb mobility and affect quality of life. If you have torn a ligament, meniscus or cartilage in your knee, surgeons can often evaluate and repair the problem in an arthroscopic procedure. Surgeons also use arthroscopy to view and rectify problems using the hip joint. These slightly invasive procedures can relieve pain and restore mobility and reduce post-procedure pain and require far less recovery time.

The knee joint is the major one in the body. It helps the leg to bend and straighten. The knee joint is located at the middle point of the thigh bone (femur) and the shin bone (tibia). During knee replacement surgery, the damaged part of   knee is removed and replaced with an implant. Implants are made up of different materials: stainless steel, titanium, chrome, cobalt, or polyethylene. Bone cement   also be used in the repair. The hip joint helps us to maintain our balance and supports our weight in all  of its movements. The upper end of the leg bone (femur) has a rounded head (femoral head) that fits into a socket (acetabulum) in the pelvis to form the hip joint. During total hip replacement surgery, the damaged part of the hip is removed and replaced with implants, called components.

Musculoskeletal system – two components the muscular system and the skeletal system. Most affected problems Epicondylitis, Back pain, Cervical spondylosis, Tension Neck, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, Hip osteoarthritis, Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Tendonitis, Rotator Cuff Tendonitis, Radial Tunnel Syndrome, Digital Neuritis, DeQuervain’s Syndrome, Mechanical Back Syndrome, Degenerative Disc Disease. Pain and restricted movement are the features of the range of musculoskeletal conditions. Pain is typically persistent for long-term conditions. In some conditions, joint deformity may occur, where early diagnosis and treatment are not available. WHO recognises that musculoskeletal health conditions contribute significantly to disability across the life-course in all regions of the world.

Arthroplasty is an orthopedic surgical method where the articular surface of a musculoskeletal joint is replaced, remodeled, or realigned by osteotomy or by various other Techniques. It is a procedure that is done to relieve pain and restore function to the joint after damage by arthritis or various other type of trauma. Different types of joint inflammation may impact the joints. Those are Osteoarthritis, or degenerative joint disorder, is lost the ligament or cushion in a joint, and is the most well-known purpose behind arthroplasty. This surgery performed to recover the pain.

Osteoarthritis is a the degenerative joint disease that can leads to trauma, basically involving the cartilage, joint lining, ligaments, and bone. The very common symptoms are joint pain and stiffness. A symptom of osteoarthritis varies depending on which joints are affected and how severely bones are affected. Affected joints and muscles may get swollen, only after extensive activity. These symptoms tend to increase over time rather than show up suddenly.

Osteoporosis means “porous bone.” It is a bone disease that weakens bones, making them sensitive and further tending to break. As a result of which bones become weak and may break from a fall or, in serious cases, from sneezing or minor bumps. Osteoporosis effects more than three million individuals in the UK. More than 500,000 people get recovering focus treatment for delicacy splits (breaks that occur from standing height or less) reliably consequently of osteoporosis.

Orthopedic trauma is a very broad term that   describing all kinds of injuries affecting the bones, joints, muscles, tendons, and ligaments in any part of the body mainly caused by following incidence: Fall, Twisting the ankle, Sporting accidents, Other types of accident, Severe coughing, Blows to specific parts of the body.    

Bone consists of cells and a biphasic blend of mineral and matrix that coexist in a very exact relationship. The matrix consists of collagen and glycosaminoglycans, which are dimeric disaccharides. Both are products of the osteoblast. Calcium hydroxyapatite is the basic mineral crystal material in bone. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that secrete the matrix components described. Osteoclasts are those cells whose primary function is the degradation and removal of mineralized bone. It is important to remember that the osteoclasts can remove only mineralized bone, and not unmineralized matrix.

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a longterm disease that causes pain, stiffness, swelling and limited motion and function of many joints. Rheumatoid Arthritis can affect any joint in our body , the small joints in the hands and feet. Inflammation sometimes can affect organs as well, the eyes or lungs. The stiffness seen in active Rheumatoid Arthritis is mostly worst in the morning. It may remain one to two hours (or even the whole day). Stiffness remain long time in the morning is a indication that you may have Rheumatoid Arthritis. For instance, osteoarthritis often does not cause prolonged morning stiffness.

Other signs and symptoms that can occur in Rheumatoid Arthritis include: Loss of energy, Low fevers, Loss of appetite, Dry eyes, Sjogren's syndrome.

Orthopedic diagnostic tests are intended to evaluate individuals for musculoskeletal injuries. It helps in differential diagnosis of orthopedic conditions and injuries. The main aim is to get exact diagnosis, and in turn maximizing treatment outcomes. The most common Diagnostic test includes: Arthroscopy, Blood tests, Bone scans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, X-Ray.

Pediatric rheumatology and orthopedics is a Disease estimation and treatment of musculoskeletal disease and immune dysfunction that affects infants, children, and teenagers. Bone and joint pain is not just limited to the older population. When a child affected with autoimmune disease the immune system attacks healthy cells, and it leads to problems such as pain, muscle weakness, inflammation, rashes and can affect an organ or the total body. The primary cause varies depending on the type of disease. There are certain factors that may play a role in one or more types of these diseases include: immune system, genes and family history, injury, infection etc.